Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Amalgamation - Essay Example Be that as it may, she hates the reactions from the appointed authorities. Then again, Amy Tan aversions the utilization of ‘broken’ and says that it shows pessimism. In spite of the fact that she utilizes this word to portray her mother’s language, she disdains it and says she is searching for a superior one to utilize. To her, ‘broken’ can't be utilized positively not at all like for Nancy, who considers it to be acceptable in some cases. There is a shared view on assorted variety as the two essayists exceptionally esteem it and are glad that it is seen. The connecting with of Indian lady in ANTM and having dark hefty size models in the challenges is something to be thankful for to Nancy. Amy needs progressively Asian Americans and Chinese individuals to take part recorded as a hard copy and not simply pack in medication and designing fields. She contends that joining the composing field with her ‘broken’ English cuts all chances. Notwithstanding her educator saying that composing isn't something she could do, she felt free to refute him. The manner in which her mom was treated in cafés shows that individuals don't take as much time as is needed to comprehend others with various societies. Therefore, this accentuates the need to grasp social assorted variety (Franklin). Assorted variety is a demonstration of assortment in people’s culture, conduct and style. As indicated by Nancy Franklin, America’s Next Top Model has more assorted variety among contestants’ than other unscripted TV dramas. Individuals from various societies take an interest in the challenge: for example, an Indian lady in one of the cycles truly set a venturing stone to others since very few Indians are found in this field. Indian ladies give them that being architects or specialists isn't the main vocation they can take. It additionally has larger size models and a few blacks who made it to the semi-finals. Banks grasps decent variety in all segments which is so clear. This assumes an extraordinary job in helping ladies love their bodies, in this way boosting confidence. Banks begins ANTM to search for a young lady who has decent variety, can do a wide range of things, pass various difficulties and can fit in various

Scarlet Letter :: essays research papers

The Life Cycle of Zhou-zhuang Presentation This paper targets introducing chronicled data and advancement foundation of Zhou-zhuang, deciding which phase of improvement it is at and assessing its future improvement pattern. We applied Butler⠡â ¯s Model of Life Cycle to assess Zhou-zhuang⠡â ¯s current stage and future turn of events. The paper will be formed into three sections. The initial segment will discuss Zhou-zhuang⠡â ¯s investigation stage, the subsequent part will be committed to its advancement stage and the third part will be added to an assessment on Zhou-zhuang⠡â ¯s current stage in the existence circle and its future improvement pattern. Investigation Because of a renowned painter Yifei Chen⠡â ¯s canvas, The Memory of Hometown, Zhou-zhuang⠡â ¯s Double Bridge in Misty Rain has been an acclaimed picture of Zhou-zhuang and step by step announced this tranquil town to the outside world since 1984. Zhou-zhuang, around then, just had a populace of 2000, the greater part of which carried on with a real existence on planting rice. Their yearly wages only occasionally surpassed 800 Yuan. Be that as it may, the improvement of Zhou-zhuang appears to be a smidgen in the idea of things, since it goes easily just as expediently. Advancement In 1983, Wu Guanzhong, who was a celebrated painter came to portray in Zhou-zhuang, and he communicated his emotion: ¡Ã‚ °Huangshan Mountain thinks the magnificence of Chinese mountains and streams, while Zhou-zhuang focuses the excellence of Chinese watery regions.⠡â ± These words put incredible hues to Zhou Village⠡â ¯s notoriety. In 1988, the primary township the travel industry administration organization was set up in Jiangsu territory, and 38 landscapes of humanities in about 0.47 square kilometers have attempted reclamation and reconstruction. ¡Ã‚ °The antiquated town trio of Zhou-zhuang⠡â ±became one of the 16 hot agendas which were elevated to global market. In 1989, Shen Hall opened to open, and Zhou-zhuang Tourism Service Company gave entrance tickets just because with a cost of 0.6RMB. In the time of 1994, Zhou-zhuang created to a more extensive stretch out, for Zhang Hall, Chengxu Taoist Temple, and Mi Building opened individually. Around the same time, the passage tickets with pictures of Shen Hall, Zhang Hall, Chengxu Taoist Temple, and Mi Building imprinted on were distributed, and the value flooded to 10RMB. From the time of 1995, the quantity of sightseers to Zhou-zhuang expanded quickly consistently with a yearly pace of over 30%. In the interim, the livelihoods of inhabitants there, which profit by the travel industry, likewise expanded at the pace of over 30% consistently. In 1999, Zhou-zhuang got guests about 1.25million both abroad and home; in 2000, the number was 1.

Potato Battery free essay sample

Foundation of the Study The analysts led this examination to have the option to realize that the power from natural products is significant on the grounds that it likewise shows the centralization of minerals accessible in organic products. It is likewise an elective method to do than utilizing the power where in, the utilization of sun oriented vitality is significant, and for such, it could enable the mother to earth for it would not cause mischief and it could do a great deal of help as it’s from a characteristic way. A potato battery is an electrochemical battery, also called an electrochemical cell. An electrochemical cell is a cell wherein concoction vitality is changed over to electric vitality by an unconstrained electron move. On account of the potato, the zinc in the nail responds with the copper wire. The potato goes about as a kind of support between the zinc particles and the copper particles. The zinc and copper particles would even now respond in the event that they contacted inside the potato yet they would just produce heat. We will compose a custom exposition test on Potato Battery or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Since the potato keeps them separated, the electron move needs to happen over the copper wires of the circuit, which channels the vitality into the clock. You have potato power. We just need a potato, a few nails and a bit of wire to make a potato battery. Its a pleasant science venture that helps show the manner in which things work in a battery by utilizing ordinary things we see around the house. As in the potato battery, the objective is to get familiar with power, and potentially a couple of new science terms en route. The venture is intended to be performed all alone, however on the off chance that the Light Bulb explore is done simultaneously, it can help interface the idea of a voltmeter perusing to the recognizable lighting of a spotlight bulb.

Edusson Scholarship That Help To Improve Our Services

Edusson Scholarship Edusson Scholarship 01 Jun 2016 Value: 250$ 2,500$ Starts on: June 1st 2016 Closes on: October 24st 2016 Tenure award: One Year Number of awards: Unlimited Previous winners: in  the Hall of Fame Background Since we have launched  Robot Don, machine learning tool that facilitates essay writing, we would continuously receive vulnerabilities reports, minor bugs and usability suggestions. Aside from the essay writing software, our contributors have been trying  edusson.com  and have even found some serious flaws. To honor the bright external contributions that help us build better products we have launched an Edusson Scholarship. [cta id=498] Rules Scope of services Any of service or feature available through 1) robotdon.com or 2) edusson.com is intended to be in scope of this scholarship. Qualifying suggestions Any design or implementation issue that affects the operations, logics and/or usability of the software is likely to be in the scope of the scholarship. Examples may include: Authentication or authorization flaws Server-side code execution bugs Algorithm implementation flaws. Usability suggestions Application start: âÅ"” The contest starts June 1 2016 and will be held on a year round basis. âÅ"” Submission sent prior June 1 2016 will not be accepted. Eligibility Anyone whose submission meets the qualifying suggestions is eligible. International submissions welcome, including from students (undergraduate or postgraduate) enrolled in a degree at any university. Non-students submissions are eligible. Usability suggestions. Please direct any questions about the program to [email  protected]. Rewards Awards range from a minimum of US$250 up to $2,500 with an unlimited reward pool. There is no limits to the reward amount per a period of time (week, month, etc). Monetary rewards aside, bugs ideas reporters who work with us to resolve flaws in our products will be credited on the Hall of Fame. If we file a bug or an idea, we will acknowledge your contribution on that page. If  you are looking for right place to order your  essay you can choose  scholarship essay writing service by Edusson.

Personal Statement On Self Harm - 1319 Words

Self-harm patients are at a risk for suicide whether this is an intended outcome or a result of self-harm gone wrong. 25% of people who commit suicide will have been seen in a hospital setting for a self harm injury in the past 12 months (Emerson, 2010). As well, 72% of suicide victims under the age of 25 have had a history or self-harm behavior (as sited in Cook, Clency, Sanderson, 2004). These statists provide a strong argument for the importance of vigilance and ongoing monitoring when providing care for clients who display self-harm behavior. This paper will argue the importance for close monitoring when caring for self harm but not necessarily the prevention of self harm itself. Vigilance and monitoring are important However there is evidence that complete preventions is not necessarily the best approach to self-harm (Duffin, 2006). The Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders fifth edition (DSM-5) uses the term non suicidal self-injury. Self-injury is defined as â€Å"intentional self inflicted damage to the surface of his or her body of a sort likely to induce bleeding, bruising, or pain, with the expectation that the injury will lead to only minor or moderate physical harm†(American psychiatric Association, 2013,p803). There must be an absence of suicidal intent; this is either stated by the patient, or determined by the fact that the method of harm is not likely to result in death. Although often misunderstood and seen as an attention seeking moreShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement On Self Harm Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pages In middle school, I thought of self harm every day. Luckily, I knew that self harm was a permanent fix to a temporary problem. I thought of doing self harm to myself because I was a victim of bullying. Having never been bullied before, I didn t know how to cope with it at first. A group of five girls set out to make my life miserable, because they were jealous of the way I looked. From the start of 6th grade to the middle of 8th grade, there wasn’t a day that went by that I was not picked on.Read MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1321 Words   |  6 Pagespersonal liberties shall be protected as long as they do not cause reasonable harm to another individual. It is incredibly difficult and unjust to promote a system to which state authority prevents speech that they find offensive. It is nearly impossible and impractical for a state entity to understand what can and can’t be considered offensive, and what is offensive to some and not to others. That is why the ha rm principle is a great principle to understand the limits of how far free speech shouldRead MoreThe Theory Of Lying As Being The Most Widely Accepted Definition1158 Words   |  5 Pageswidely accepted definition. â€Å"A lie is a statement made by one who does not believe it with the intention that someone else shall be led to believe it.† The reason this definition is often accepted by most is because in order to object and revise this definition in anyway one must first explain the four imperative conditions for lying. An individual must first make a statement, the individual must believe the statement to be untrue, the untruthful statement must then be told to an addressee, and finallyRead MoreThe Confederate Flag : A Harmful Form Of Free Speech964 Words   |  4 Pagesof the confederate flag does not display the same form of harm as it did in history. The current flag does not physically harm anyone nor does it present a credible threat that could morally harm someon e through fear. This form of free speech does not cause true harm to individual liberties of the people who see the flag. The symbolism of the flag is objective and feeling offended by the flag is based on interpretation. A specific statement of hatred that can be reasonably interpreted as a credibleRead MoreEthical Boundaries Misused in Today’s Clinical Psychology Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesGlass called these, â€Å"the gray areas of boundary crossing and violation† (429). However, there is further description, â€Å"Boundary issues mostly refer to the therapists self-disclosure, touch, an exchange of gifts, bartering and fees, length and location of sessions and contact outside the office† (Guthiel Gabbard). This statement by Thomas G. Gutheil, M.D. Glen O. Gabbard, M.D explains the meaning of boundary issues that most will face in treating patients in the mental health profession. TheRead More`` On Liberty `` By John Stuart Mill1458 Words   |  6 Pa gesliberalism shaped the harm principle which greatly affected 19th-century politics, motives for imperialism, and societal values. Mill’s unavoidable issue about liberalism is when is it acceptable for the government to limit your freedoms? He answers his own question with the idea of the harm principle. He explains this principle as, â€Å"the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection† (MillRead MoreLegal Challenges In Modern Business : The Fine Line Between Torts And Crimes874 Words   |  4 Pagesspirit of the law. Understanding the complex relationship of these three legal forms requires stating the purpose of each form and defining their major categories. Civil cases, governed by legislative or Congressional statutes, occur when someone harms property, or a person, in such a way as society as a whole is threatened. Legally, such â€Å"wrongdoing† is not so serious as to threaten an entire society. However, the action becomes criminal when society creates a law restricting or forbidding certainRead MoreMidterm BUSN1201398 Words   |  6 Pagesactivities are never done for building the reputation of a firm within the philanthropy model.   True  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  False   2.  Which of the following statements is true about Whistleblowing?   A.  It can occur both internally and externally . B.  It does not cause any harm to the whistleblower. C.  It involves the disclosure of ethical activities. D.  It may seem disloyal, but it does not harm the business.    3.  The practice of attending to the _____ of a firm is referred to as reputation management.   Image    4.  WhichRead MoreUrban Living Institute : An Organization That Promotes Healthy Living1195 Words   |  5 Pagesrevolution of healthy living in the United States through aiding underprivileged peoples, creating a healthy environment, and promoting this environment to others. Their mission statement is â€Å"TO CHALLENGE INDIVIDUALS TO MOVE ABOVE AND BEYOND THEIR ENVIRONMENT AND PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCE TO PREPARE THEMSELVES FOR LIFE-LONG SELF-SUFFICIENCY.†(B) In order to do this they must enforce rules to challenge their residents that live in their facilities. Healthy living is very important in today’s world. EveryoneRead MoreSelf-Harm Research Paper1167 Words   |  5 PagesHSER 281 Self-harm Research Proposal Directed Studies: Methods Jaime Gresley-Jones Student# 111835 Faculty: Deb Wandler

Cae Study - 1207 Words

Case Study Liberty University Multicultural Issues in Human Services – HSER 509 Dr. Katz December 2, 2012 CLIENT AND CULTURE In this case study I will explore certain possible dynamics related to culture and ethnicity that have been reported in relation to the psychology of Mexican Americans as well as other immigrant communities. Cristal is a 16-year-old Mexican American female. Cristal seems to be experiencing some distress in her life, which seems to stem from cultural conflict rather than inherent psychopathology. Cristal is struggling with the question of whether she should stay home and care for her mother and family or if she should go away to college. She†¦show more content†¦In her article Siegel states that, â€Å"Incorporating components such as culturally framed trust building (such as pairing youths with mentors), stigma reduction, friendly milieus (such as serving culturally familiar foods and playing music popular with the culture), and services; and peer, family, and community involvement (including use of peer counselors and mentors, hosting parent weekends, and linking clien ts with senior center and community services) are recommended for improving cultural competence†, (Siegel, 2011). By incorporating some of these components into the way I practice and taking these components into mind could hopefully dissolve any limitations or biases that I may hold against any cultures. McBride also states the importance of being well versed in multicultural counseling by saying, â€Å"Counselor educators should also encourage self-reflection of counselor trainees to challenge the biases and assumptions they may hold against minority groups, such as the geriatric population. Self-awareness of biases and stereotypes is imperative when counseling diverse clients. This may be an uncomfortable process and, therefore, may cause some anxiety in both counselor trainees and counselor educators. As a result, some counseling programs may not emphasize self-reflection as much as they should. Therefore, greater emphasis needs to be placed onShow MoreRelatedThe Interna tional School Of English2844 Words   |  12 Pagesclasses, from general English to custom-made professional courses (English for business) as well as exam preparations (FCE, IELTS, CAE). ISE School has different departments within their organization. From finance department Marketing sectors, it is also functioned by the marketing manager and the managing director. Within the school there is a director of studies who is involved with all the work that’s been taught within the school as well as guidance for the teachers that are working within theRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 DataRead MoreImportance Of Cae1101 Words   |  5 PagesQ. 1. Define CAE and its kinds. What are the benefits of it? (8 marks) CAE is a comprehensive term used by many industries for the use of computers to design, analyze, and manufacture products and processes. CAE includes CAD and CAM CAD is used for computer modeling and drafting designs while CAM is used for computers for managing manufacturing processes. Advantages of CAE †¢ CAE reduces the error in design and drawing process. †¢ Robustness and performance of components/assemblies can beRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Bipolar Disorder1167 Words   |  5 Pageswith high levels of relapse, hospital admission, and suicide (Gibson, Brand, Burt, Boden, Benson, 2013). A new small-scale study suggests that a type of psychoeducation called Customized Adherence Enhancement (CAE) may increase bipolar medication compliance by up to 25% (Sajatovic et al., 2012). Additional research and large scale studies should be done to determine if CAE can be implemented on a large scale, as this may greatly increase overall medication adherence, thus improving quality of lifeRead MoreInternal Audit and the Relationship with Senior Management Essays1379 Words   |  6 PagesInternal Audit and the Relationship with Senior Management Summary: The case study â€Å"Internal Audit Reporting Relationships: Serving Two Masters† was a part of a series of research projects being developed by the Institute of Internal Auditors to determine the various relationships, specifically reporting relationships between the internal auditor and those charged with governance. To obtain research about the various types of reporting relationships, independence, conflicts that arise fromRead MoreEducation And Training Within The Aviation Industry1635 Words   |  7 Pagessee and experience† the process (Rigby, 2011). In 2013, Japan Airlines selected CAE as its partner for a personalized Multi-Crew Pilot License training program valued at more than $115 million. More than 100 candidates have been selected and approved for flight training through their training program as First Officers for Japan Airlines that includes an Airbus A350 full-flight simulator (Aerospace and defense, 2015). â€Å"CAE is the only company to offer such a broad range of end-to-end solutions on a globalRead MoreBsbrsk5018752 Words   |  36 Pagesevidence for this unit. AQF Level Distinguishing Features (Source: AQF Implementation Handbook 2007: Guidelines) Type of evidence to be used Sample assessment tools Diploma ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § Performance checklist for demonstrations / role plays ï‚ § Case study scenarios and questions with benchmark answers ï‚ § End product summary checklist ï‚ § Written/oral questions and benchmark answers ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § ï‚ § Demonstrate understanding of a broad knowledge base incorporating theoretical concepts, with substantialRead MoreThe Pharmacognostic Characteristics between Spermacoce Hispida L and Spermacoce650 Words   |  3 Pagesplants used in traditional systems of medicine. It is observed that, several times it is difficult to differentiate the plant from the other allied species from the same genus, Spermacoce, especially, when they are in drug form. Therefore, the present study aims to document the differences in the pharmacognostic characters, preliminary phytochemical analysis and polyphenolic contents from the leaves of four species belonging to the genus Spermacoce, viz. S. hispida L., S. mauritiana O. Gideon, S. strictaRead MoreTqm Assignment Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesA-1 TQM Principles and Performance Measures Q1. Carry out an analysis consisting of the following steps: 1. Select an organization that produces products or delivers a service. 2. Study the organization structure, particularly the quality-related structure. 3. Review various TQM characteristics discussed in class. 4. Develop a tabular format and analyze all applicable TQM characteristics of the organization. Develop a rating scale to estimate the level of applicabilityRead MoreThe Performance Of Pilots Flying Multiple Types Of Aircraft1776 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of pilots flying multiple types of aircraft in an experimental setting. Pilot performance will be assessed by written tests and simulator sessions. This study will build on a previous field study, Pilots Flying Multiple Aircraft Types or Multiple Flightdeck Layouts, which was conducted for AVS 4504 Aviation Safety Analysis. The results of that study showed a need for a simulator study to further identify if pilots have issues maintaining

In response to C.S. Lewis The Screwtape Letters Essay Example For Students

In response to C.S. Lewis The Screwtape Letters Essay In response to C. S. Lewisquot; The Screwtape Letters Jason Heim Mr. Kramer AP English 12 January 2007 A Dimension of Reality, Or Imagination? All great writers have the ability to take something mysterious and abstract and turn it into something understandable to readers. This ability is not common to all writers and is manifested in distinctive, unique styles of writing. Often, these authors do not write with the intention of bringing readers to some spectacular epiphany, but to get across a point or purpose they feel very strongly about. This is the situation in the case of C. S. Lewis, author of many acclaimed works of Christian literature. In all his works, Lewis writes with distinct purpose and has a message in every one of his books. Lewis does not care about whether people like his works, only that they understand his purpose; he says he did not enjoy writing the Screwtape Letters, and was actually annoyed with the books popularity Walsh 33. Lewis purpose in the Screwtape Letters is to help explain what he believes to be the real and practical world of spiritual warfare. Lewis does this from an interesting perspectiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"that of Hell. Lewis wants readers to awaken to the realization that there is a war going on over their souls by reading the letters of Screwtape, a hellish demon, to his nephew, Wormwood, who is a human tempter. To understand even the basic premise of The Screwtape Letters, the reader must know exactly what spiritual warfare is. Spiritual warfare is a biblical concept: For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms and And there was war in heaven. Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back. But he was not strong enough, and they lost their place in heaven New International Version, Ephesians 6:12; Revelation 12:7-9. This war is waged on followers of the Christian God and exists not in the material world, but in the spiritual. The major weapon of Satans spiritual war is that of temptation. Satan has reason to be encouraged in the battle because the Bible says that no one escapes temptation: No temptation has seized you except what is common to man. And God is faithful; he will not let you be tempted beyond what you can bear. But when you are tempted, he will also provide a way out so that you can stand up under it. The Scriptures can claim that God has the ability to deliver his followers from temptation because he even allowed his son, Jesus, to be tempted as a man on earth: Then Jesus was led by the Spirit into the desert to be tempted by the devil New International Version, 1 Corinthians 10:13; Matthew 4:1. All temptations come from Satan, or, as the Bible refers to him, the Devil. Satan does not tempt followers of God just for his pleasure and amusement; he has a very malicious and direct purpose. His objective is to cause Christians to consciously rebel against God by giving in to temptation and sin. This is the process that leads Satan to his ultimate goal: to cause those who believe in God to stray from him and not to inherit eternal life. In The Screwtape Letters, the story centers around an elderly demon named Screwtape. Screwtape is well advanced in his ability to tempt humans, and has now moved on to consulting and giving advice to younger tempters. One such tempter is Screwtapes nephew, Wormwood. The book is a series of letters from Screwtape to Wormwood giving him advice as to how his patient, as he refers to the human, should be attacked. These letters also consist of Screwtapes analysis of Wormwoods actions and his recommendations on how to adjust to the movements of God, or as he is referred to, the Enemy. C. S. Lewis said he wrote Screwtape in fiction and imagination, but to serve a purpose and a cause that was very real to him Lewis IX. Lewis purpose in writing The Screwtape Letters represents a concept that is foreign to many people, but for him it is something that needs to be addressed and considered. Authors of various criticisms on Lewis take aim at the purpose of Screwtape, according to Lewis scholars: to show how the life of man looks from the viewpoint of Hell, to throw light on Heaven from this unusual perspective Hooper 270, to Throw light on mens lives Kilby 30, and to shake society from disbelief in the supernatural Gibson 102. Instead of writing from the perspective of Heaven or the human mind, Lewis chooses the viewpoint of Hell-bound demons because he thinks reading from it will most benefit readers in their understanding of the spiritual warfront. This makes good sense in the context of war where it is more beneficial to know the tactics of ones enemies rather than to receive praise from ones comrades. Lewis does not want readers to get hung up on the actions and situation of the Patient. Rather, he wants readers to realize that there are spiritual consequences for every mistake, no matter how small or insignificant the mistake seems to be: The events in the life of the Patient are not meant to be of great interest: the main interest is meant to be the immortal consequences of seemingly small and insignificant choices in the every-day life of Everyman Hooper 270. Lewis aims to magnify the ramifications of every moral decision of the common man. This echoes the belief that Lewis holds strongly, that every living being is destined for everlasting life and that every moment of life is a preparation for that condition Kilby 180. Lewis believes that every moment of human life is a preparation for an eternal life, either in Heaven or in Hell. He writes The Screwtape Letters on the foundation of this belief and others previously discussed. The first of countless temptation strategies is communicated in the books opening letter. Screwtape instructs Wormwood to create in the Patient a false sense of modesty Kilby 12. There are two ways in which to accomplish this goal. The first is to make all the Patients prayers superficial in their mood: what this will actually mean to a beginner will be an effort to produce in himself a vaguely devotional mood in which real concentration of will and intelligence have no part. This type of prayer, Screwtape says, resembles the silent prayer of well-advanced Christians, which makes it easy to trick beginners into thinking their prayers are sincere: and since it bears a superficial resemblance to the prayer of silence as practiced by those who are very far advanced in the Enemys service, clever and lazy patients can be taken in by it for quite a long time Lewis 15-16. Screwtapes other advice in creating false modesty is to turn the Patients attention from the work of God to bettering himself by trying to measure successful prayers on the feeling he gets, as opposed to the nature and content of his prayers. Screwtape knows that if the Patient gets caught up in creating the right feeling for himself about his prayers, then he will begin to lose the quality of prayer: Teach them to estimate the value of each prayer by their success in producing the desired feeling Lewis 15-17. Controlling the human mind during prayer is very important to Screwtape and the cause of temptation. Prayer is a delicate thing to Screwtape, and it requires careful handling. Later in the same letter, he gives further instructions to Wormwood regarding the topic. He tells Wormwood to distract the Patients prayer life by shifting the focus of his prayers. He tells Wormwood that the meaningless prayer is important and always to be encouraged. He warns Wormwood, however, against coming on too strong, for the Enemy is always near and ready to immediately act on the prayer of the Patient. Wormwood is told to create this image inside the Patients consciousness of a God who encourages the use of objects to accentuate prayer, and, therefore, pray to the objects themselves Lewis 18. In all of this, Screwtape wants Wormwood to control the Patients prayers: When the patient prays for charity, let him start trying to manufacture charitable feelings in himself Kilby 38. Essentially, Wormwood is to take all prayers for good things and twist them so that the Patient really is praying for himself and not others. Letter 2 introduces some historical context in the beginning of World War II. Screwtape eagerly instructs Wormwood that he must feed off of the negative reactions the Patient has to the war. Above all, Screwtape adamantly commands Wormwood to not let the Patient die, because then his soul is lost forever to the Enemy; keeping him alive is their only hope of capturing his soul. Screwtape tells Wormwood to begin planting the seed of a possible military draft in the Patients thoughts. This is a simple tactic to make him worry about himself and take his mind off of God. The Patient consequently hates the war, and has malice for it; Wormwood is to take this malice and hatred and steer it toward the Patients immediate neighbors so as to create dissension between him and them Lewis 24-25, 28. The Patient only recently has become a Christian, and Screwtape fully expects him to start what he calls undulations in his spiritual life. In simple terms, Screwtape recognizes that followers of the Enemy have highs and lows, troughs and peaks, in their spirit. Screwtape urges Wormwood to use the Patients return from his initial spiritual high to his advantage. He gives three strategies on how to do this. The first is for Wormwood to exploit the Patients sexuality through various temptations; the Enemy, however, wards off these attacks and Wormwood is unsuccessful in that area. The next strategy is to attack during the Patients first spiritual low when his resistance to temptation is proportionally low. Screwtape believes that resistance is directly related to spiritual well-being; when a human is spiritually high, resistance is equally high, and vice versa. Lastly and possibly most dangerously, Wormwood is to convince the Patient that his current spiritual low is permanent, there is no hope for recovery, and that God has abandoned him Lewis 43, 45. Toward the beginning of the war, the Patient begins to interact with a group of secular people, with whom he quickly becomes friends. The tactic of Wormwood is to blind the Patient to the immorality of his new friends and to make him ignorant. Wormwood is only to allow this when the Patient is alone and not in the company of his new friends: If he is a big enough fool you can get him to realize the character of the friends only while they are absent. If Wormwood can accomplish this, then when the friends are in his company, their presence can be made to sweep away all criticism Lewis 51. Wormwoods objective is to keep the Patient from confronting his friends even after he becomes aware that their lives are in direct contradiction with his Christian life. The final utilization of the new friends is to make them influence the Patient into being one person around them and a completely different one while around other Christians. Screwtape encourages the creation of another personality: If this succeeds, he can be induced to live, as I have known many humans live, for quite long periods, two parallel lives; he will not only appear to be, but actually be, a different man in each of the circles he frequents Lewis 50-51. Amid all the sin and temptation encouraged by Wormwood, Screwtape reiterates how important it is that the Patient not realize how much he is falling away from God; things have been going well in regards to damning his soul, and to allow him to realize his evil ways would be an awful setback to the cause of the demons. In Letter 12, Screwtape gives Wormwood a favorable and pleasing evaluation of his work. He notes how the Patient is now, however slowly, heading right away from the sun on a line which will carry him into the cold and dark of utmost space. This is to say that he is gradually and ignorantly falling away from God. The immediate goal of Wormwood is to keep him from become aware of his real condition, for fear that he might turn from it: My only fear is lest in attempting to hurry the patient you awaken him to a sense of his real position Lewis 57. One way of keeping the Patient from coming to this realization is to convince him that everything is normal and that nothing is wrong or out of the ordinary: As long as he retains externally the habits of a Christian he can still be made to think of himself as one who has adopted a few new friends and amusements but whose spiritual state is much the same as it was six weeks ago Lewis 57-58. This essay is mainly focused on Elizabeth BishopsTo this end, Screwtape says five things: If he survives the war, there is always hope, you have time itself as your ally. The long, dull, monotonous years of middle-aged prosperity or middle-aged adversity are excellent campaigning weather, The routine of adversity, the quiet despair of ever overcoming the chronic temptations with which we have again and again defeated themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦all this provides admirable opportunities of wearing out a soul by attrition, If, on the other hand, the middle years prove prosperous, our position is even stronger. Prosperity knits a man to the World, and finally, That is why we must often wish long life to our patients; seventy years is not a day too much for the difficult task of unraveling their souls from Heaven and building up a firm attachment to the earth Lewis 154-156. Ironically, the more years and success the man accrues, the better opportunity Wormwood has to capture his soul. Wormwood has failed at many of the strategies given to him and has begun to let the Patient slip. At this point, Screwtape encourages Wormwood to try and use the war to stir up cowardice in the Patient. Screwtape says that anything that is in opposition to courage is good. One thing that frightens Screwtape is that the Patient actually does feel like a coward; this frightens Screwtape because the man felt like a coward while actually performing and obeying his occupational duty: the young man becomes involved in civil defense. During his first experience in an air raid, he is badly frightened and thinks of himself as a spineless coward. But actually he had done his duty in spite of his fear Gibson 105. Wormwood has failed yet again by not making the Patient weaker from his trials. Screwtape begins to see that he and Wormwood are just spinning their wheels with this man, and knows from past experience that the Patient could be lost soon. Soon after the first air raid, Wormwood loses the Patient to death in a second air raid and Screwtape is none too happy about it: You have let a soul slip through your fingers. The howl of sharpened famine for that loss re-echoes at this moment through all the levels of the Kingdom of Noise down to the very Throne itself Lewis 171. Screwtape tells Wormwood that the Patient saw him as he was being taken to Heaven and realized at that moment that Wormwood had been tempting him his whole life, but that he no longer had any power over him. Screwtape is enraged: Screwtape describes in an agony of rage how the human soul at the moment past death recognized Wormwood for what he was and then stepped into the new life as it he had been born to it Gibson 105, Lewis 171. At the end of the story, it becomes clear that Wormwood represents sin and death to the Patient; once the Patient dies and goes to Heaven, he realizes that sin and death no longer have power over his life. The demons from below know the truth about God all the time. They know that they are fighting a battle that is a lost cause because God has already won the spiritual war. Still, there are many instances where Screwtape says things about the Enemy that makes readers think Screwtape is just trying to comfort himself. Screwtape calls God a hedonist at heart, which is to say that God is simply out to seek pleasure all the time. This statement carries much irony, because it is a derogatory comment that is true at its core: This derogatory word, which usually means one who spends his life seeking and enjoying pleasure, is used ironically to express a great truth about the divine nature. The love which is at the center of the Trinity, of course, produces pleasure Gibson 108. Screwtapes insult backfires, and the term hedonist is given a new definition in the context of the book. The tactics of Screwtape, manifested in many complex physical attacks, can be divided into four categories or progressive stages. The first of these is to draw a soul away from Christianity. The means of accomplishing this goal are: making the Christian dislike small, insignificant oddities within the congregation, recommending party churchesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"which have meaningless differences with one another, and promoting the concept of the historical Jesus to draw attention away from the immortal Jesus Gibson 108. Screwtapes second stage of assault is direct psychological attacks on the individual. The best example of this is the utilization of humility to breed spiritual pride, where the individual becomes prideful over humility. Another example is the weakening of the human faith and trust in petitionary prayer by employing the heads I win, tails you lose argument Gibson 109. These two actions are very important to Screwtape because they are dangerous and effective; these are Screwtapes bread and butter so to speak, as he comes back to them again and again when in need. Humility and prayer are two things the Christian life is founded upon, and among Screwtapes deadliest weapons is the ability to contort them. The third category of attack is one that plays off of spiritual pride. It is the attempt to make the Christian try to shape surrounding peoples attitudes to further his or her own purposes. This is to say that Screwtape encourages his subjects to make humans think they have the right to form societal customs and standards. Two examples of this are when Wormwood tries to convince the Patient that being in love is necessary for and throughout marriage, which is something that society as a whole does not generally agree with. Another example is when the Patient begins to become annoyed when he has no free time because he feels that he possesses his own time Gibson 109. Screwtape encourages thoughts like this because they will lead souls away from the Enemy and will negatively affect society for his cause. The fourth and final category is the warning of dangers to Hell within Gods work. Put more simply, he reveals to Wormwood the procedures of God in order that Wormwood can be warned to work against them. Examples of this are Screwtapes analysis of Gods measure of true humility and free will of humans to walk with God. Screwtape takes every caution to make Wormwood aware of these things so he can he implement temptation strategies that can either exploit the Enemys strategies, or minimize the damage inflicted to their cause by these strategies. Screwtape explains that the inner workings and core of Hell are in jeopardy as long as God bases His love for human souls on true humility and free will. The character of Screwtape serves as a powerful refining tool for Christian apologetics in The Screwtape Letters. His character forces readers to think about the world from a secular point of view because the book is written from Hells perspective. Additionally, Screwtape as a character causes readers to wonder how much deep contemplative thinking they have done on the subject of temptation and spiritual warfare. Put simply, Screwtape raises questions and provokes self-examination. More importantly, Screwtape is the avenue that Lewis uses to make readers aware that the human life is not set up for itself and within itself, but that life on earth exists within a dangerous spiritual framework. Most importantly, however, is the realization of readers that every decision they make is not purely human and has spiritual ramifications within that framework. All this said, The Screwtape Letters is considered C. S. Lewis utmost achievement in apologetics, a topic not lightly addressed by the man Hooper 270, Walsh 30. The Screwtape Letters has no shortage of symbolic representations. Among the most prominent is the asphyxiating cloud which sometimes surrounds a human and makes a close approach impossible Walsh 32. This cloud symbolizes Gods grace and protection from demonic presence. Wormwood experiences this a few times and is completely dumbfounded by its cause and mechanism. Another symbol is the theme of eating/consumption versus free fellowship with humans. Screwtape and the bodies of Hell are obsessed with the consumption of lesser beings, but are perpetually unsatisfied upon devouring them. This creates a rigid hierarchy within Hell that builds walls among its inhabitants. This is opposed to Gods desire to commune and interact with His children who choose to love Him by the allowance of free will Walsh 32. Christian readers of The Screwtape Letters know immediately that the cause of Screwtape and Wormwood is doubtful in the end. Through all of Screwtapes recognitions and acknowledgements of God, readers can reasonably infer that Screwtape already knows his cause is damned: in his last letter to Wormwood it is easy to get the impression Screwtape knew all along that hells reality was false when compared with heavens Kilby 39. Screwtape cannot deviate from his course, however, although he entertains the thought: Indeed, Screwtape parenthetically confesses that he is tempted to give up hell for heaven. Could any writer make clearer how infinite he believes the love of God to be? Kilby 39-40. There is no greater example of Screwtapes ultimate knowledge of the fact that his operation is pointless. Another point brilliantly illustrated by Lewis is the fact that Satan never had the advantage of being human as God did. This severely hinders the cause of Hell because the tempters cannot identify with those on whom they are operating. God, however, came into the world as a man so he could sufficiently experience all the things unique to the human race; He was able to get inside the head of man to understand his feelings, actions, and motivations. By becoming human, God also found meaning for what Screwtape calls his disinterested love for humans when there might not have been meaning previously. These things are what cause Screwtape to be unable to comprehend the motives and actions of God toward the human race; becoming human would have afforded him the opportunity to do that which he cannot do Kilby 41. In his writing of The Screwtape Letters, Lewis is advocating an active Christianity to combat the thinking of Christian things without the action that should accompany those thoughts. There are many instances in the book where Screwtape tells Wormwood to allow the Patient to think of Godly things, but not to allow him to take any action beyond what takes place in his mind. Lewis desires for his readers to further themselves in their faith and mature: All of life is to be an active engagement in spiritual growth; indeed birth and death are meaningless apart from such a calling Kilby 42-43. Lewis implication in his writing is that spiritual growth is necessary to adequately fight the increasing temptations and strategies used by Satan. His is a call and warning against spiritual complacency. Based on this idea of spiritual complacency, Lewis is saying that Hell wins souls very gradually over time. The winning of a soul is not instant or immediate, but easing and measured, so as not to disturb the natural, sinful flow of a human life. A passage from Letter 12 where Screwtape advises Wormwood illustrates this notion perfectly: It does not matter how small the sins are provided that their cumulative effect is to edge the man away from the Light and out into the Nothingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Indeed the safest road to Hell is the gradual one à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"the gentle slope, soft underfoot, without sudden turnings, without milestones, without signposts Hooper 272. Hells aim is to ease human souls into damnation so as not to awaken the human to its true condition. It is easy to get lost in the fantasy and imagination The Screwtape Letters and miss the authors point. C. S. Lewis writes in this mode of fiction intentionally, however, so that his readers might have an easier way to grasp the difficult, abstract idea of spiritual warfare. Lewis wants his readers to clearly understand what forces are acting upon the Patient and then make the connection to their own lives; he desperately desires that readers realize that the same forces acting on the Patient are those that act upon their own lives in the real world employing the same means and strategies. Lewis goal is to bring to light the unseen world, moving all around us, influencing us, and ultimately waging war over the eternal destiny of our souls; he wants people to see that Heaven and Hell are at war everyday over every soul. Lewis uncomplicated writing effectively highlights his overall purpose and makes readers think about the subject as if to say to themselves, Yeah, I never thought about this in that way before. C. S. Lewis has done his part in awakening readers to what is going on around them in the spiritual realm, but the rest of the war is up to them.